Showing posts with label battery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label battery. Show all posts

Best Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

Best it mean UJT battry charger circuit diagram. This UJT battry charger circuit diagram will not work unless the battery to  be charged is connected with proper polarity. The  battery voltage controls the charger and when the  battery is fully charged, the charger will not supply  current to the battery. The battery charging the  current is obtained through the SCR when it is triggered  into the conducting state by the UJT relaxation  oscillator. 

The oscillator is only activated when the battery voltage is low. V8281 of the UJT is derived from the voltage of the battery to be charged, and since Vp= Vn= V8281 ; the higher V828` the higher Vp. When Vp exceeds the breakdown voltage of the zener diode Zl, the UJT will cease to fire and the SCR will not conduct. This indicates that the battery has attained its desired charge as set by R2.

UJT battry charger circuit diagram

Best Battery Charger Circuit Diagram


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12 Volt Battery Guardian

Dont get caught with a flat battery; this easy-to-build circuit can cut off the power to a 12V fridge or car stereo system if the battery voltages drops below critical level. Electric fridges in vans and 4WDs are a great idea but if you are not careful, they can severely discharge the battery and leave you stranded. Maybe the battery will end up with severe damage as well. The same problem applies if you have a big stereo system and you like to play it without the motor running.


Main features:
  • Cuts power to load (eg, fridge) when battery voltage drops below a preset level.
  • 10A rating.
  • Low power drain.
  • Chirping sound during cut-out.
  • Flashing LED indication during cut-out.
  • Automatically reconnects power when battery recharged.
Operation on 12V is fine when the motor is running and battery charge is maintained but if the fridge is allowed to run for too long when the motor is stopped, it can flatten the battery in a relatively short time. This is where the Battery Guardian comes into play. It monitors the battery voltage and disconnects power to the fridge before the battery becomes too flat to allow the engine to be started again.

Parts layout:



PCB layout:


Circuit diagram:




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Battery Charging Indicator For Mains Adaptor

Although you may well be the proud owner of the very latest NiCd battery charger, you may still come across the odd incompatible battery, for example, one having a rare voltage or requiring a much higher charging current than can be supplied by your off-the-shelf charger. In these cases, many of you will resort to an adjustable mains adaptor (say, a 500-mA type) because that is probably the cheapest way of providing the direct voltage required to charge the battery. Not fast and not very efficient, this rustic charging system works, although subject to the following restrictions:


  1. You should have some idea of the charging current. In case you use an adaptor which is adjustable but of the unregulated, low output current type, you can adjust the current by adjusting the output voltage.
  2. You have to know if the current actually flows through the battery. A current-detecting indicator is therefore much to be preferred over a voltage indicator.
  3. To prevent you from forgetting all about the charging cycle, the indicator should be visible from wherever you pass by frequently. Using the circuit shown here, the LED lights when the baseemitter potential of the transistor exceeds about 0.2 V. Using a resistor of 1 ? as suggested this happens at a current of about 200 mA, or about 40 mA if R1 is changed to 4.7?. The voltage drop caused by this indicator can never exceed the base-emitter voltage (UBE) of the transistor, or about 0.7V. Even if the current through R1 continues to increase beyond the level at which UBE = 0.7 V, the base of the transistor will absorb the excess current. The TO-220 style BU406 transistor suggested here is capable of accepting base currents up to 4A. Using this charging indicator you have overcome the restrictions 2 and 3 mentioned above.
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Mobile Cellphone Battery Charger Circuit

Charging of the mobile phone, cellphone battery is a big problem while traveling as power supply source is not generally accessible. If you keep your cellphone switched on continuously, its battery will go flat within five to six hours, making the cellphone useless.

A fully charged battery becomes necessary especially when your distance from the nearest relay station increases. Here’s a simple charger that replenishes the cellphone battery within two to three hours. Basically, the charger is a current-limited voltage source. Generally, cellphone battery packs require 3.6-6V DC and 180-200mA current for charging. These usually contain three NiCd cells, each having 1.2V rating.

Current of 100mA is sufficient for charging the cellphone battery at a slow rate. A 12V battery containing eight pen cells gives sufficient current (1.8A) to charge the battery connected across the output terminals. The circuit also monitors the voltage level of the battery. It automatically cuts off the charging process when its output terminal voltage increases above the predetermined voltage level.
Circuit Diagram:
Parts
  • P1 = 20K
  • P2 = 20K
  • R1 = 390R
  • R2 = 680R
  • R3 = 39R-1W
  • R4 = 27K
  • R5 = 47K
  • R6 = 3.3K
  • R7 = 100R-1W
  • C1 = 4.7uF-25V
  • C2 = 0.01uF
  • C3 = 0.001uF
  • D1 = 5.6V-1W Zener
  • D2 = 3mm. Red LED
  • Q1 = SL100
  • S1 = On/Off Switch
  • B1 = 1.5vx8 AA Cells in Series
  • IC1 = NE555 Timer IC 
Circuit Operation
Timer IC NE555 is used to charge and monitor the voltage level in the battery. Control voltage pin 5 of IC1 is provided with a reference voltage of 5.6V by zener diode D1. Threshold pin 6 is supplied with a voltage set by P1 and trigger pin 2 is supplied with a voltage set by P2. When the discharged cellphone battery is connected to the circuit, the voltage given to trigger pin 2 of IC1 is below 1/3Vcc and hence the flip-flop in the IC is switched on to take output pin 3 high. When the battery is fully charged, the output terminal voltage increases the voltage at pin 2 of IC1 above the trigger point threshold.
This switches off the flip-flop and the output goes low to terminate the charging process. Threshold pin 6 of IC1 is referenced at 2/3Vcc set by P1. Transistor Q1 is used to enhance the charging current. Value of R3 is critical in providing the required current for charging. With the given value of 39-ohm the charging current is around 180 mA. The circuit can be constructed on a small general-purpose PCB.
For calibration of cut-off voltage level, use a variable DC power source. Connect the output terminals of the circuit to the variable power supply set at 7V. Adjust P1 in the middle position and slowly adjust P2 until LED (D2) goes off, indicating low output. LED should turn on when the voltage of the variable power supply reduces below 5V. Enclose the circuit in a small plastic case and use suitable connector for connecting to the cellphone battery.
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Flashing LED Battery status Indicator

Signals when an on-circuit battery is exhausted 5V to 12V operating voltage
A Battery-status Indicator circuit can be useful, mainly to monitor portable Test-gear instruments and similar devices. LED D1 flashes to attire the users attention, signaling that the circuit is running, so it will not be left on by mistake. The circuit generates about two LED flashes per second, but the mean current drawing will be about 200µA. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are wired as an uncommon complementary astable multivibrator: both are off 99% of the time, saturating only when the LED illuminates, thus contributing to keep very low current consumption. 

Circuit diagram :
Flashing-LED Battery
Flashing-LED Battery-status Indicator Circuit Diagram

The circuit will work with battery supply voltages in the 5 - 12V range and the LED flashing can be stopped at the desired battery voltage (comprised in the 4.8 - 9V value) by adjusting Trimmer R4. This range can be modified by changing R3 and/or R4 value slightly.

When the battery voltage approaches the exhausting value, the LED flashing frequency will fall suddenly to alert the user. Obviously, when the battery voltage has fallen below this value, the LED will remain permanently off. To keep stable the exhausting voltage value, diode D1 was added to compensate Q1 Base-Emitter junction changes in temperature. The use of a Schottky-barrier device (e.g. BAT46, 1N5819 and the like) for D1 is mandatory: the circuit will not work if a common silicon diode like the 1N4148 is used in its place.

Parts :
R1,R7__________220R  1/4W Resistors
R2_____________120K  1/4W Resistor
R3_______________5K6 1/4W Resistor
R4_______________5K  1/2W Trimmer Cermet or Carbon
R5______________33K  1/4W Resistor
R6_____________680K  1/4W Resistor
R8_____________100K  1/4W Resistor
R9_____________180R  1/4W Resistor
C1,C2____________4µ7  25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D1____________BAT46  100V 150mA Schottky-barrier Diode
D2______________LED  Red 5mm.
Q1____________BC547   45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2____________BC557   45V 100mA PNP Transistor
B1_______________5V to 12V Battery supply
Notes :
  • Mean current drawing of the circuit can be reduced further on by raising R1, R7 and R9 values.


Streampowers
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Advanced Linear NiMH NiCd Fast Battery Charger

This is a simple Batteries charger for NiMH/NiCd.It Requires No Microcontroller or any Firmware.Linear Technology Corporation introduces the LTC4060, an autonomous 1- to 4-cell, 0.4A to 2A linear NiMH and NiCd battery charger. The LTC4060 includes all the functions required for a battery charger circuit, operating without the aid of a microcontroller or firmware. The design is simple and needs only three passive components. The LTC4060 also eliminates the need for a sense resistor and blocking diode, which increases efficiency and lowers the solution cost. This IC is targeted at applications including portable medical equipment, automotive diagnostic systems and industrial/telecom test devices. 
Features
  • Complete Fast Charger Controller for Single, 2-, 3- or 4-Series Cell NiMH/NiCd Batteries
  • No Firmware or Microcontroller Required
  • Termination by –?V, Maximum Voltage or Maximum Time
  • No Sense Resistor or Blocking Diode Required
  • Automatic Recharge Keeps Batteries Charged
  • Programmable Fast Charge Current: 0.4A to 2A
  • Accurate Charge Current: ?5% at 2A
  • Fast Charge Current Programmable Beyond 2A with External Sense Resistor
  • Automatic Detection of Battery
  • Precharge for Heavily Discharged Batteries
  • Optional Temperature Qualified Charging
  • Charge and AC Present Status Outputs Can Drive LED
  • Automatic Sleep Mode with Input Supply Removal
  • Negligible Battery Drain in Sleep Mode: <1?A
  • Manual Shutdown
  • Input Supply Range: 4.5V to 10V 
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